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RESPONSE OF WHEAT COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS TO DISEASE AND CLIMATE VARIATION OVER 13 GENERATIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期   页码 400-415 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021394

摘要：

Since the F5 (2005), three winter wheat composite cross populations (CCPs) based on germplasm specifically suitable for low-input conditions were subjected to natural selection under organic and conventional management. In the F6, each CCP was divided into two parallel populations (12 CCPs in total) and maintained continuously until 2018. Commonly used modern cultivars with different disease susceptibilities were grown alongside to assess the agronomic performance of the CCPs. The organically managed CCPs were comparable in yield and foliar disease resistance to two continuously used reference cultivars, Achat and Capo. In contrast, under conventional management the cv. Capo outyielded the CCPs (Achat was not tested), highlighting the importance of parental cultivar choice for specific management systems. The CCPs were found to be moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011. Differences between the CCPs were mainly due to parental genetic background and were significant in the first five generations, but were no longer so in the last five generations. In addition, these differences tended to vary depending on the experimental year and the environmental stresses present. In conclusion, the CCPs despite being derived from older cultivars are able to compete with more recently released reference cultivars under organic farming practices and represent a dynamic germplasm resource.

 

关键词： evolutionary breeding     heterogeneous crop population     management system    

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Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 162-172 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0267-5

摘要： Bubble columns are widely used in chemical and biochemical processes due to their excellent mass and heat transfer characteristics and simple construction. However, their fundamental hydrodynamic behaviors, which are essential for reactor scale-up and design, are still not fully understood. To develop design tools for engineering purposes, much research has been carried out in the area of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation of gas-liquid flows. Due to the importance of the bubble behavior, the bubble size distribution must be considered in the CFD models. The population balance model (PBM) is an effective approach to predict the bubble size distribution, and great efforts have been made in recent years to couple the PBM into CFD simulations. This article gives a selective review of the modeling and simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with PBM. Bubble breakup and coalescence models due to different mechanisms are discussed. It is shown that the CFD-PBM coupled model with proper bubble breakup and coalescence models and interphase force formulations has the ability of predicting the complex hydrodynamics in different flow regimes and, thus, provides a unified description of both the homogeneous and heterogeneous regimes. Further study is needed to improve the models of bubble coalescence and breakup, turbulence modification in high gas holdup, and interphase forces of bubble swarms.

关键词： bubble column     computational fluid dynamics     bubble breakup and coalescence     population balance model     bubble size distribution    

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Effects of hydraulic retention time on nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional

Hongyan LI, Yu ZHANG, Min YANG, Yoichi KAMAGATA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 43-48 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0397-8

摘要： The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional activated sludge system fed with synthetic inorganic wastewater were investigated over a period of 260 days. When the HRT was gradually decreased from 30 to 5 h, the specific ammonium-oxidizing rates (SAOR) varied between 0.32 and 0.45 kg (kg mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)·d) , and the specific nitrate-forming rates (SNFR) increased from 0.11 to 0.50 kg (kg MLSS·d) , showing that the decrease in HRT led to a significant increase in the nitrite oxidation activity. According to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis results, the proportion of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOBs) among the total bacteria decreased from 33% to 15% with the decrease in HRT, whereas the fraction of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOBs), particularly the fast-growing sp., increased significantly (from 4% to 15% for NOBs and from 1.5% to 10.6% for sp.) with the decrease in HRT, which was in accordance with the changes in SNFR. A short HRT favored the relative growth of NOBs, particularly the fast-growing sp., in the conventional activated sludge system.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria     hydraulic retention time     nitrification activity     nitrite-oxidizing bacteria     population dynamics    

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Socialized care services for the aged population: System construction and support measures

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 339-353 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0208-2

摘要： Given the aging society, an increase in social demand, information- and communication technology-driven culture, and government policy support emerges to enable the development of the socialized care services system for the aged (SCSSA). The development of the SCSSA would be a significant step toward addressing China’s aging population. However, the construction of the SCSSA challenges the theories and methods of traditional elderly care service system construction. Specifically, the implementation path for such elderly care service policies is unclear, the necessary technological support is insufficient, and the mechanism for integrating intelligent information technology remains underexplored. Thus, this paper focuses on the needs of the elderly, grounded in the context of the changing elderly care service policies in China, and proposes a research paradigm that integrates system construction and support measure embedding. We then construct the original SCSSA, which includes “material + spirit + medical treatment + healthcare” and propose a method of optimization and iteration. Finally, we build the research framework of systematic support measures from the perspectives of policy reconstruction, institutional embeddedness, and technical support. Our work provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the construction and dynamic optimization of the SCSSA, thus making a significant contribution that will help China effectively cope with its aging society.

关键词： socialized     care service for the elderly     system construction     support measure    

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Computational design of heterogeneous catalysts and gas separation materials for advanced chemical processing

Huaiwei Shi, Teng Zhou

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 49-59 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1959-0

摘要： Functional materials are widely used in chemical industry in order to reduce the process cost while simultaneously increase the product quality. Considering their significant effects, systematic methods for the optimal selection and design of materials are essential. The conventional synthesis-and-test method for materials development is inefficient and costly. Additionally, the performance of the resulting materials is usually limited by the designer’s expertise. During the past few decades, computational methods have been significantly developed and they now become a very important tool for the optimal design of functional materials for various chemical processes. This article selectively focuses on two important process functional materials, namely heterogeneous catalyst and gas separation agent. Theoretical methods and representative works for computational screening and design of these materials are reviewed.

关键词： heterogeneous catalyst     gas separation     solvent     porous adsorbent     material screening and design    

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Application of heterogeneous catalysis to biodiesel synthesis using microalgae oil

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1343-9

摘要：

• Microalgae oil application for biodiesel synthesis is discussed.

关键词： Biodiesel     Heterogeneous catalysis     Transesterification     Microalgae oil    

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Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population, China: a cross-sectional population-based survey

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 322-328 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8

摘要：

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13 359 participants aged 15–69 years. Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5–23.9 kg/m2; overweight, 24–27.9 kg/m2; obesity,≥28 kg/m2). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure≥140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8–28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2–7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9–16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10–2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66–4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.

关键词： overweight     obesity     undiagnosed hypertension     prevalence     association    

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Prognostic analysis of chronic myeloid leukemia in Chinese population in an imatinib era

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 204-211 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0202-x

摘要：

We evaluated the outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in three clinical phases, namely, chronic (CP), accelerated (AP), and blast (BP) phases, receiving imatinib treatment. The single-institution treatment experiences of Chinese patients with CML were presented. A total of 275 CML patients (CP, 210; AP, 24; and BP, 41) who received imatinib between February 2001 and April 2008 were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the responses (hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular), overall survival (OS), treatment event-free survival (EFS), and prognostic factors of outcome. At the cut-off point, the complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and complete molecular response rates of patients in the CP were 84.7% and 61.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of patients in the AP (50% and 29.1%, respectively, both P<0.001) and BP (24.3% and 9.7%, respectively, both P<0.001). The estimated five-year OS and five-year EFS rates were 93.2% and 86.4% for CP patients, as well as 64.5% and 50.9% for AP patients, which were significantly higher than those for BP patients (P<0.001). In CP patients, univariate analysis revealed that early treatment with imatinib, achieving CCyR within 12 months, additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and kinase domain mutations were associated with the treatment outcome. More patients are needed to carry out multivariate analysis.

关键词： imatinib     chronic myeloid leukemia     complete cytogenetic response    

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Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change, population and aging

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1732-y

摘要：

● Four scenarios were used to project heat-related excess mortality in China.

关键词： Heat-related excess mortality     LMDI     Aging     YLL     VSLY    

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Undrained seismic bearing capacity of strip footing adjacent to a heterogeneous excavation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 566-583 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0905-x

摘要： The analysis of the bearing capacity of strip footings sited near an excavation is critical in geotechnics. In this study, the effects of the geometrical features of the excavation and the soil strength properties on the seismic bearing capacity of a strip footing resting on an excavation were evaluated using the lower and upper bounds of the finite element limit analysis method. The effects of the setback distance ratio (L/B), excavation height ratio (H/B), soil strength heterogeneity (kB/cu), and horizontal earthquake coefficient (kh) were analyzed. Design charts and tables were produced to clarify the relationship between the undrained seismic bearing capacity and the selected parameters.

关键词： excavation     finite element limit analysis     heterogeneous soil     strip footing     undrained bearing capacity    

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Precursor-driven structural tailoring of iron oxychloride for enhanced heterogeneous Fenton activity

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1533-1543 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2330-z

摘要： Iron oxychloride (FeOCl) is a unique layered material with tunable electronic properties. The conventional synthetic route of chemical vapor transition involves a thermodynamics-driven gas–solid interfacial reaction which often generates macroscopic crystals with stable facets. In this study, through analyzing the effects of the synthetic parameters on the FeOCl synthesis, we discovered the dominant contribution of the α-Fe2O3 precursors on the chemical property of the FeOCl product, and subsequently developed a highly-controllable synthetic route of tailoring the FeOCl structures into small sizes and exposed high-energy facets via a facile and scalable mechanical-chemical approach. The synthesized products could be systematically tuned by the ball-milling conditions of the α-Fe2O3 precursors. With increased milling time, the FeOCl crystallites demonstrated reduced sizes and more exposed (110) facets. Intriguingly, these small-sized FeOCl catalysts exhibited much faster Fenton-like kinetics than the pristine macroscopic FeOCl materials. Specifically, FeOCl catalysts with a 12-hour milling time showed nearly 39 times higher efficiency toward phenol degradation than the pristine FeOCl. The structure-reactivity relationship was further elucidated using the combinatory analysis via density functional theory calculation, electron paramagnetic resonance and radical quenching probe experiments. This work provides a rationale for tailoring the surface structures of FeOCl crystallites for potential applications in environmental catalysis.

关键词： FeOCl     mechanical activation     heterogeneous Fenton reaction     ball milling    

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LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 545-558 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020349

摘要：

Agriculture uses a large proportion of global and regional water resources. Due to the rapid increase of population in the world, the increasing competition for water resources has led to an urgent need in increasing crop water productivity for agricultural sustainability. As the medium for crop growth, soils and their properties are important in affecting crop water productivity. This review examines the effects of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties on crop water productivity and the quantitative relationships between them. A comprehensive view of these relationships may provide important insights for soil and water management in arable land for agriculture in the future.

 

关键词： crop water productivity     crop yield     soil chemical properties     soil microbial properties     soil physical properties     water consumption    

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IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第1期   页码 4-18 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021432

摘要：

Ongoing climate change is expected to have impacts on crops, insect pests, and plant pathogens and poses considerable threats to sustainable food security. Existing reviews have summarized impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, but the majority of these are presented from an ecological point of view, and scant information is available on specific species in agricultural applications. This paper provides an overview of impacts of climate change on two staple crops, wheat and rice. First, the direct effects of climate change on crop growth, yield formation, and geographic distribution of wheat and rice are reviewed. Then, the effects of climate change on pests and pathogens related with wheat and rice, and their interactions with the crops are summarized. Finally, potential management strategies to mitigate the direct impacts of climate change on crops, and the indirect impacts on crops through pests and pathogens are outlined. The present overview aims to aid agriculture practitioners and researchers who are interested in wheat and rice to better understand climate change related impacts on the target species.

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INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

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of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: Insights from heterogeneous

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 266-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0752-1

摘要： Tradable green certificate (TGC) scheme promotes the development of renewable energy industry which currently has a dual effect on economy and environment. TGC market efficiency is reflected in stimulating renewable energy investment, but may be reduced by the herding behavior of market players. This paper proposes and simulates an artificial TGC market model which contains heterogeneous agents, communication structure, and regulatory rules to explore the characteristics of herding behavior and its effects on market efficiency. The results show that the evolution of herding behavior reduces information asymmetry and improves market efficiency, especially when the borrowing is allowed. In addition, the fundamental strategy is diffused by herding evolution, but TGC market efficiency may be remarkably reduced by herding with borrowing mechanism. Moreover, the herding behavior may evolve to an equilibrium where the revenue of market players is comparable, thus the fairness in TGC market is improved.

关键词： tradable green certificate     herding behavior     evolution     heterogeneous agent model     complex network    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

RESPONSE OF WHEAT COMPOSITE CROSS POPULATIONS TO DISEASE AND CLIMATE VARIATION OVER 13 GENERATIONS

期刊论文

Simulation of bubble column reactors using CFD coupled with a population balance model

Tiefeng WANG

期刊论文

Effects of hydraulic retention time on nitrification activities and population dynamics of a conventional

Hongyan LI, Yu ZHANG, Min YANG, Yoichi KAMAGATA

期刊论文

Socialized care services for the aged population: System construction and support measures

期刊论文

Computational design of heterogeneous catalysts and gas separation materials for advanced chemical processing

Huaiwei Shi, Teng Zhou

期刊论文

Application of heterogeneous catalysis to biodiesel synthesis using microalgae oil

期刊论文

Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population, China: a cross-sectional population-based survey

null

期刊论文

Prognostic analysis of chronic myeloid leukemia in Chinese population in an imatinib era

null

期刊论文

Projections of heat-related excess mortality in China due to climate change, population and aging

期刊论文

Undrained seismic bearing capacity of strip footing adjacent to a heterogeneous excavation

期刊论文

Precursor-driven structural tailoring of iron oxychloride for enhanced heterogeneous Fenton activity

期刊论文

LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

期刊论文

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP PRODUCTION, PESTS AND PATHOGENS OF WHEAT AND RICE

期刊论文

INTEGRATING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS—TOWARDS AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT

期刊论文

of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: Insights from heterogeneous

期刊论文